367 results
Helminth fauna of the yellow-legged gull Larus cachinnans in Galicia, north-west Spain
- M.L. Sanmartín, J.A. Cordeiro, M.F. Álvarez, J. Leiro
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- Journal of Helminthology / Volume 79 / Issue 4 / December 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 April 2024, pp. 361-371
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Thirty-six helminth species were found in 324 gulls examined during June 1994 to February 1996 from different localities of Galicia: 25 trematodes (Brachylaima sp., Brachylecithum microtesticulatum, Cardiocephaloides longicollis, Cryptocotyle lingua, Cryptocotyle concavum, Diplostomum spathaceum, Echinostephilla virgula, Galactosomum phalacrocoracis, Gigantobilharzia acotylea, Gymnophallus deliciosus, Gynaecotyla longiintestinata, Himasthla elongata, Himasthla quissetensis, Knipowitschiatrema nicolai, Levinseniella (Levinseniella) propinqua, Maritrema gratiosum, Maritrema linguilla, Microphallus primas, Microphallus similis, Ornithobilharzia canaliculata, Parorchis acanthus, Phagicola minuta, Psilostomum brevicolle, Renicola sp. and Stephanoprora denticulata), four cestodes (Alcataenia micracantha, Microsomacanthus ductilis, Tetrabothrius (Oriana) erostris and Wardium cirrosa), six nematodes (Anisakis simplex, Contracaecum rudolphii, Cosmocephalus obvelatus), Eucoleus contortus, Paracuaria adunca and Tetrameres (Tetrameres) skrjabini) and one acanthocephalan (Arhythmorhynchus longicollis). Tetrabothrius erostris was the most prevalent species (79.6%), followed by C. obvelatus (47.8%), C. lingua (37.4%), G deliciosus (30.9%), G. longiintestinata (22.8%), P. adunca (21.9%), B. microtesticulatum (17.6%), E. contortus (14.5%) and M. similis (9.3%). Microphallus similis was the dominant species, with a Berger-Parker index (BP) of 0.32, followed by T. erostris (BP=0.10). All species presented an aggregated dispersion except G. acotylea and G. phalacrocoracis, which showed a random dispersion. Species that seem to have the greatest predilection for specific sites along the intestine are: C. longicollis and A. micracantha (first third), Brachylaima sp., M. similis and G. longiintestinata (last third) and A. longicollis (second half). Eight species are known to be pathogenic to commercially important fish or molluscan species and several are pathogenic to humans.
Family-level moderators of daily associations between discrimination and distress among Mexican-origin youth
- Kristin Valentino, Irene J. K. Park, Mario Cruz-Gonzalez, Jenny Zhen-Duan, Lijuan Wang, Tiffany Yip, Kyle Lorenzo, David Dias, Kiara Alvarez, Margarita Alegría
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- Journal:
- Development and Psychopathology , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 April 2024, pp. 1-16
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The current study evaluated cultural values and family processes that may moderate associations between daily racial-ethnic discrimination and distress among Mexican-origin youth. Integrating micro-time (daily diary) and macro-time (longitudinal survey) research design features, we examined familism, family cohesion, and ethnic-racial socialization from youth-, mother-, and father- reports as potential buffers of daily associations between youth racial-ethnic discrimination and youth distress (negative affect and anger). The analytic sample, drawn from the Seguimos Avanzando study, included 317 Mexican-origin adolescents (Mage = 13.5 years) and their parents, recruited from the Midwestern United States. Results indicated that youth-reported familism and family cohesion significantly buffered daily associations between youth racial-ethnic discrimination and youth distress. In contrast, parent-reported familism and family cohesion and some aspects of ethnic-racial socialization exacerbated the discrimination to distress link. The implications of these results are discussed to inform efforts supporting the healthy development of Mexican-origin youth and their families.
The interaction of central and peripheral processing in L2 handwritten production: Evidence from cross-linguistic variations
- Yang Fu, Carlos J. Álvarez, Beatriz Bermúdez-Margaretto, Olivia Afonso, Huili Wang, Alberto Domínguez
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- Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 March 2024, pp. 1-14
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The current study explores the interplay between central and peripheral processes in second language (L2) handwriting among bilinguals with diverse orthographic backgrounds. Our investigation delves into the cross-linguistic transfer effect in Spanish–English and Chinese–English bilinguals, emphasizing lexical frequency and phoneme-grapheme (P-O) consistency in spelling-to-dictation and immediate copying tasks. Results reveal that the interaction between central and peripheral processes in L2 handwritten production is shaped by the bilinguals' native language (L1) orthographic characteristics. Spanish–English bilinguals exhibited sensitivity to P-O consistency and the spread of this effect from central to peripheral processes throughout both tasks. Conversely, Chinese–English bilinguals showed heightened sensitivity to lexical frequency during orthographic planning and motor execution, particularly in the immediate copying task. In a broader context, these findings suggest that the parallel and cascading coordination of the L2 writing system is modulated by cross-linguistic variations. The implications of our findings hold relevance for handwriting production and bilingualism research.
Somatic multicomorbidity and disability in patients with psychiatric disorders in comparison to the general population: a quasi-epidemiological investigation in 54,826 subjects from 40 countries (COMET-G study)
- Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Grigorios N. Karakatsoulis, Seri Abraham, Kristina Adorjan, Helal Uddin Ahmed, Renato D. Alarcón, Kiyomi Arai, Sani Salihu Auwal, Michael Berk, Sarah Bjedov, Julio Bobes, Teresa Bobes-Bascaran, Julie Bourgin-Duchesnay, Cristina Ana Bredicean, Laurynas Bukelskis, Akaki Burkadze, Indira Indiana Cabrera Abud, Ruby Castilla-Puentes, Marcelo Cetkovich, Hector Colon-Rivera, Ricardo Corral, Carla Cortez-Vergara, Piirika Crepin, Domenico De Berardis, Sergio Zamora Delgado, David De Lucena, Avinash De Sousa, Ramona Di Stefano, Seetal Dodd, Livia Priyanka Elek, Anna Elissa, Berta Erdelyi-Hamza, Gamze Erzin, Martin J. Etchevers, Peter Falkai, Adriana Farcas, Ilya Fedotov, Viktoriia Filatova, Nikolaos K. Fountoulakis, Iryna Frankova, Francesco Franza, Pedro Frias, Tatiana Galako, Cristian J. Garay, Leticia Garcia-Álvarez, Maria Paz García-Portilla, Xenia Gonda, Tomasz M. Gondek, Daniela Morera González, Hilary Gould, Paolo Grandinetti, Arturo Grau, Violeta Groudeva, Michal Hagin, Takayuki Harada, Tasdik M. Hasan, Nurul Azreen Hashim, Jan Hilbig, Sahadat Hossain, Rossitza Iakimova, Mona Ibrahim, Felicia Iftene, Yulia Ignatenko, Matias Irarrazaval, Zaliha Ismail, Jamila Ismayilova, Asaf Jakobs, Miro Jakovljević, Nenad Jakšić, Afzal Javed, Helin Yilmaz Kafali, Sagar Karia, Olga Kazakova, Doaa Khalifa, Olena Khaustova, Steve Koh, Svetlana Kopishinskaia, Korneliia Kosenko, Sotirios A. Koupidis, Illes Kovacs, Barbara Kulig, Alisha Lalljee, Justine Liewig, Abdul Majid, Evgeniia Malashonkova, Khamelia Malik, Najma Iqbal Malik, Gulay Mammadzada, Bilvesh Mandalia, Donatella Marazziti, Darko Marčinko, Stephanie Martinez, Eimantas Matiekus, Gabriela Mejia, Roha Saeed Memon, Xarah Elenne Meza Martínez, Dalia Mickevičiūtė, Roumen Milev, Muftau Mohammed, Alejandro Molina-López, Petr Morozov, Nuru Suleiman Muhammad, Filip Mustač, Mika S. Naor, Amira Nassieb, Alvydas Navickas, Tarek Okasha, Milena Pandova, Anca-Livia Panfil, Liliya Panteleeva, Ion Papava, Mikaella E. Patsali, Alexey Pavlichenko, Bojana Pejuskovic, Mariana Pinto Da Costa, Mikhail Popkov, Dina Popovic, Nor Jannah Nasution Raduan, Francisca Vargas Ramírez, Elmars Rancans, Salmi Razali, Federico Rebok, Anna Rewekant, Elena Ninoska Reyes Flores, María Teresa Rivera-Encinas, Pilar Saiz, Manuel Sánchez de Carmona, David Saucedo Martínez, Jo Anne Saw, Görkem Saygili, Patricia Schneidereit, Bhumika Shah, Tomohiro Shirasaka, Ketevan Silagadze, Satti Sitanggang, Oleg Skugarevsky, Anna Spikina, Sridevi Sira Mahalingappa, Maria Stoyanova, Anna Szczegielniak, Simona Claudia Tamasan, Giuseppe Tavormina, Maurilio Giuseppe Maria Tavormina, Pavlos N. Theodorakis, Mauricio Tohen, Eva Maria Tsapakis, Dina Tukhvatullina, Irfan Ullah, Ratnaraj Vaidya, Johann M. Vega-Dienstmaier, Jelena Vrublevska, Olivera Vukovic, Olga Vysotska, Natalia Widiasih, Anna Yashikhina, Panagiotis E. Prezerakos, Daria Smirnova
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- Journal:
- CNS Spectrums / Volume 29 / Issue 2 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 January 2024, pp. 126-149
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Background
The prevalence of medical illnesses is high among patients with psychiatric disorders. The current study aimed to investigate multi-comorbidity in patients with psychiatric disorders in comparison to the general population. Secondary aims were to investigate factors associated with metabolic syndrome and treatment appropriateness of mental disorders.
MethodsThe sample included 54,826 subjects (64.73% females; 34.15% males; 1.11% nonbinary gender) from 40 countries (COMET-G study). The analysis was based on the registration of previous history that could serve as a fair approximation for the lifetime prevalence of various medical conditions.
ResultsAbout 24.5% reported a history of somatic and 26.14% of mental disorders. Mental disorders were by far the most prevalent group of medical conditions. Comorbidity of any somatic with any mental disorder was reported by 8.21%. One-third to almost two-thirds of somatic patients were also suffering from a mental disorder depending on the severity and multicomorbidity. Bipolar and psychotic patients and to a lesser extent depressives, manifested an earlier (15–20 years) manifestation of somatic multicomorbidity, severe disability, and probably earlier death. The overwhelming majority of patients with mental disorders were not receiving treatment or were being treated in a way that was not recommended. Antipsychotics and antidepressants were not related to the development of metabolic syndrome.
ConclusionsThe finding that one-third to almost two-thirds of somatic patients also suffered from a mental disorder strongly suggests that psychiatry is the field with the most trans-specialty and interdisciplinary value and application points to the importance of teaching psychiatry and mental health in medical schools and also to the need for more technocratically oriented training of psychiatric residents.
Fighting Against Plant Saline Stress: Development of a Novel Bioactive Composite Based on Bentonite and L-Proline
- Danila Merino, María J. Iglesias, Andrea Y Mansilla, Claudia A. Casalongué, Vera A. Alvarez
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- Journal:
- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 69 / Issue 2 / April 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2024, pp. 232-242
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Soil salinity is one of the most critical environmental stresses that affects crop productivity. In a context in which world demand for food is growing continuously, this problem requires urgent attention. Actions that go beyond traditional agricultural practices are needed. The objective of the current study was to develop a bioactive, economic, and sustainable compound that can increase the tolerance of cultivated plants in saline-stress situations by combining the hosting capacity of natural bentonite nanoclay (Bent) with a phytoactive osmoprotective compound, L-Proline (Pro). The Bent-Pro nanocomposite synthesis method, its final chemical structure, and in vitro bioactivity were addressed here. The results indicated that Bent can retain a maximum of 14.4% (w/w) of Pro. The (001) X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak of Bent shifted to smaller angles in the pattern of Bent-Pro, indicating that Pro has a monolayer arrangement between the Bent layers. The results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) also supported this result. Pro was also retained on the edges or external surfaces of Bent, as indicated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, Pro functional groups identified by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that it was present in its zwitterionic form. The role of Bent-Pro as a protector against plant saline stress was assayed using Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) as a model, demonstrating that it mitigates the detrimental effects of NaCl-mediated salt stress on seed germination and the leaf chlorophyll level, thus highlighting the relevance of this contribution and the versatility and broad applicability of clays.
Crystallochemical characterization of the palygorskite and sepiolite from the Allou Kagne deposit, Senegal
- E. García-Romero, M. Suárez, J. Santarén, A. Alvarez
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- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 55 / Issue 6 / December 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2024, pp. 606-617
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The Allou Kagne (Senegal) deposit consists of different proportions of palygorskite and sepiolite, and these are associated with small quantities of quartz and X-ray amorphous silica as impurities. No pure palygorskite or sepiolite has been recognized by X-ray diffraction. Textural and microtextural features indicate that fibrous clay minerals of the Allou Kagne deposit were formed by direct precipitation from solution. Crystal-chemistry data obtained by analytical/transmission electron microscopy (AEM/TEM) analyses of isolated fibers show that the chemical composition of the particles varies over a wide range, from a composition corresponding to palygorskite to a composition intermediate between that of sepiolite and palygorskite, but particles with a composition corresponding to sepiolite have not been found. Taking into account the results from selected area electron diffraction and AEM-TEM, fibers of pure palygorskite and sepiolite have been found but it cannot be confirmed that all of the particles analyzed correspond to pure palygorskite or pure sepiolite because both minerals can occur together at the crystallite scale. In addition, the presence of Mg-rich palygorskite and very Al-rich sepiolite can be deduced.
It is infrequent in nature that palygorskite and sepiolite appear together because the conditions for simultaneous formation of the two minerals are very restricted. The chemical composition of the solution controls the formation of the Allou Kagne sepiolite and palygorskite. The wide compositional variation appears as a consequence of temporary variations of the chemical composition of the solution.
18 Regional patterns of mitochondrial function using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in older adults at-risk for Alzheimer’s disease.
- Francesca V Lopez, Andrew O’Shea, Stacey Alvarez-Alvarado, Adrianna Ratajska, Lauren Kenney, Rachel Schade, Katie Rodriguez, Alyssa Ray, Rebecca O’Connell, Lauren Santos, Emily Van Etten, Hyun Song, Emma Armstrong, Tiffany Gin, Zhiguang Huo, Gene Alexander, Adam J Woods, Dawn Bowers
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 331-332
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Objective:
The brain is reliant on mitochondria to carry out a host of vital cellular functions (e.g., energy metabolism, respiration, apoptosis) to maintain neuronal integrity. Clinically relevant, dysfunctional mitochondria have been implicated as central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31p MRS) is a non-invasive and powerful method for examining in vivo mitochondrial function via high energy phosphates and phospholipid metabolism ratios. At least one prior 31p MRS study found temporal-frontal differences for high energy phosphates in persons with mild AD. The goal of the current study was to examine regional (i.e., frontal, temporal) 31p MRS ratios of mitochondrial function in a sample of older adults at-risk for AD. Given the high energy consumption in temporal lobes (i.e., hippocampus) and preferential age-related changes in frontal structure-function, we predicted 31p MRS ratios of mitochondrial function would be greater in temporal as compared to frontal regions.
Participants and Methods:The current study leveraged baseline neuroimaging data from an ongoing multisite study at the University of Florida and University of Arizona. Participants were older adults with memory complaints and a first-degree family history of AD [N = 70; mean [M] age [years] = 70.9, standard deviation [SD] =5.1; M education [years] = 16.2, SD = 2.2; M MoCA = 26.5, SD = 2.4; 61.4% female; 91.5% non-latinx white]. To achieve optimal sensitivity, we used a single voxel method to examine 31p MRS ratios (bilateral prefrontal and left temporal). Mitochondrial function was estimated by computing 5 ratios for each voxel: summed adenosine triphosphate to total pooled phosphorous (ATP/TP; momentary energy), ATP to inorganic phosphate (ATP/Pi; energy consumption), phosphocreatine to ATP (PCr/ATP; energy reserve), phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate (PCr/Pi; oxidative phosphorylation), and phosphomonoesters to phosphodiesters (PME/PDE; cellular membrane turnover rate). All ratios were corrected for voxel size and cerebrospinal fluid fraction. Separate repeated measures analyses of variance controlling for scanner site differences (RM ANCOVAs) were performed.
Results:31p MRS ratios were unrelated to demographic characteristics and were not included as additional covariates in analyses. Results of separate RM ANCOVAs revealed all 31p MRS ratios of mitochondrial function were greater in left temporal relative to bilateral prefrontal voxel: ATP/TP (p < .001), ATP/Pi (p = .001), PCr/ATP (p = .004), PCr/Pi (p = .004), and PME/PDE (p = .017). Effect sizes (partial eta squared) ranged from 0.6-.20.
Conclusions:Consistent and extending one prior study, all 31p MRS ratios of mitochondrial function were greater in temporal as compared to frontal regions in older adults at-risk for AD. This may in part be related to the intrinsically high metabolic rate of the temporal region and preferential age-related changes in frontal structure-function. Alternatively, findings may reflect the influence of unaccounted factors (e.g., hemodynamics, auditory stimulation). Longitudinal study designs may inform whether patterns of mitochondrial function across different brain regions are present early in development, occur across the lifespan, or some combination. In turn, this may inform future studies examining differences in mitochondrial function (as measured using 31p MRS) in AD.
Debate 15B - Is there a Role for Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy after Optimal Cytoreduction of Ovarian Cancer?
- from Section III - Ovarian Cancer
- Edited by Dennis S. Chi, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, Nisha Lakhi, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, Nicoletta Colombo, University of Milan-Bicocca
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- 50 Big Debates in Gynecologic Oncology
- Published online:
- 20 July 2023
- Print publication:
- 03 August 2023, pp 85-87
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Summary
Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy, the delivery of unheated chemotherapy into the peritoneal cavity through a catheter connected to an implanted port, was once a strongly recommended, though controversial, treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after optimal cytoreductive surgery. Historically, direct drug delivery to the IP cavity and improved pharmacokinetics yielded improved progression-free and overall survival outcomes. However, the improved disease control and survival came at the cost of significantly increased toxicity, worse quality of life, and added expense. The most recent randomized clinical trial of IP therapy identified a less toxic regimen but failed to demonstrate any survival benefit. The negative results of this study, taken in the setting of more recent advances in biologic therapies, illustrate that in the modern therapeutic landscape for ovarian cancer there is no role for IP chemotherapy. IP therapy is too toxic, too expensive, and historical IP therapy survival outcomes are no longer relevant.
Clinical characteristics and functional improvement of patients admitted to a Child and Adolescent Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Day Therapeutic Unit
- A. Alvarez, N. Santamaria, V. Bote, C. Lamborena, R. Medina, J. A. Monreal, B. Sanchez, A. Hervas
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S713
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Introduction
The ASD Day Therapeutic Unit of the HUMT is an interdisciplinary reference center specialized in ASD, for the care of children and adolescents with this pathology, that offers care by programs with the aim of achieving functionality altered.
ObjectivesThe main objective of this study is to know the clinical characteristics of the patients admitted to our center and to offer preliminary data on the functional improvement achieved in a pilot program that works by processes.
MethodsThis is a prospective clinical study of patients with ASD, treated at the ASD Day Therapeutic Unit of the Hospital Universitario Mutua Terrassa (HUMT), since februay 2022 till nowadays. We compare the clinical improvement and functionality acquired through the evaluation through various scales: Conners scale, SRS, BRIEF and CBCL.
ResultsOur sample is made up of 19 patients with ASD who are admitted to the HUMT ASD Day Hospital. 13 belonged to the intensive care program, 5 to recovery of low-functioning functionality, and 1 to the differential diagnosis program. 84.21% (n=16) have preserved cognitive capacity. The median age is 13.1 years. 73.7% of the sample are men.
We observed that 89% of patients admitted to our unit presented comorbid symptoms with ADHD. more than 78.9% present isolation, anxiety/depression, altered thinking and attention difficulties. 13/19 present a SEVERE RANGE of affectation upon admission, in social area. Facing discharge, the CBCL shows us a general improvement in behavior and comorbidity in the total scale. The SRS shows us an improvement in social awareness, social communication, social motivation, repetitive behavior and stereotypes and in the total score.
ConclusionsSpecific interventions in social skills, autonomy, social understanding, daily routines, and sensory integration in patients with ASD improve core symptoms, as well as associated behavior.
Specific interventions and working on social relationships during admission improve comorbidity derived from ASD.
More studies are needed to specify the most efficient interventions to improve the quality of life in children and teenagers with ASD.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Biomarkers and clinical predictors of long-term course in obsessivecompulsive disorder: A prospective cohort study
- S. López-Rodriguez, P. Alonso Ortega, C. Segalàs Cosi, E. Real Barrero, S. Bertolín Triquell, C. Soriano Mas, Á. Carracedo Alvarez, J. M. Menchón Magriña
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S231
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Introduction
The purpose of the research project is to analyze the long-term evolution of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from of a study of a cohort of patients prospectively followed over a period ranging from 5 to 20 years, treated for according to therapeutic guidelines mediating serotonin reuptake inhibitors (IRS) and drug enhancers (antipsychotics) and cognitive behavioral therapy and evaluated in a standardized manner.
ObjectivesTo assess the long-term course of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in a cohort of patients treated according to current clinical guidelines; to analyse possible prognostic factors associated with the long-term course of the disorder including clinical and sociodemographic variables, as well as genetic and neuroimaging biomarkers, and their interaction, and finally to study neuroanatomical and functional cerebral connectivity changes after 15 years of treatment in a subsample of patients.
MethodsProspective, descriptive, and observational study of a cohort of OCD patients, receiving treatment at the Department of Psychiatry of Hospital de Bellvitge since 1998, according to a standardized protocol. Follow-up period ranges from 5 (n=423), to 10 (n= 247) and 15 years (123). Baseline clinical and sociodemographic assessment, long-term evolution and information on treatments provided are available for the whole sample. Data on whole exome sequencing is available for 300 of the patients included in the cohort and baseline structural neuroimaging and cerebral functional connectivity has been analysed in 168 subjects. To expand the analysis of genetic biomarkers, we propose the study of de novo variants through exome analysis of 50 trios (patient and both parents) selected among those subjects that have reached 15 years of follow-up (25 trios with patients within the “long-term remission” group and 25 trios with patients with chronic OCD). De novo variants detected in the trio analysis will be replicated in the rest of the sample. A structural and resting state MRI will be obtained in a subsample of 100 patients recruited among those who have completed a minimum follow-up period of 15 years, to assess cerebral changes associated with the long-term course of the disorder.
Resultsin the current moment the recruitment period of the study has ended and all the data is being statistically analysed in order to provide solid results in a short period of time.
ConclusionsThe identification of those factors associated with an increased risk of chronic disease is an element essential to offer personalized treatment to our patients and improve their prognosis, emphasizing the intensive use of those therapeutic strategies for which we can predict a better response and modifying to the extent of, if possible, environmental factors or factors of access to treatment that contribute to perpetuate obsessive symptoms.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health outcomes in delusional disorder: A systematic review
- E. Román, M. Natividad, M. V. Seeman, E. Izquierdo, E. Martínez, E. Rial, A. Alvarez, A. Guàrdia, J. A. Monreal, A. González-Rodríguez
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S790
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Introduction
The health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been widely recognized in both physical and mental health. Relatively little attention has been paid to patients with delusional disorder (DD).
ObjectivesOur goal was to synthesize the known mental and physical health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in patients diagnosed with DD.
MethodsA systematic review was carried out using the PubMed and Scopus database (2019-October 2022) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Search terms: “delusional disorder” or “delusional disorder” AND “COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV2.” Inclusion criteria: 1)DD according to DSM/ICD, 2)languages: English, French, German and Spanish, 3)studies reporting health consequences of COVID-19 pandemic. From a total of 615 records, 6 were included: meta-analysis (n=1), cross-sectional studies (n=2), retrospective study (n=1), case reports (n=2).
ResultsA full third of patients with psychosis (including DD) presented with increased psychiatric symptom severity, reportedly activated by increased daily life stress. Suicidal behavior was reported in a previously undiagnosed DD patient in association with a worsening clinical picture. Perhaps surprisingly, admissions for DD in 2020 were lower than in 2019. The duration of hospitalization was, however, longer. There was a report of new onset DD with delusional material centred on COVID. There was also a report of COVID-19 symptoms being more severe in DD patients than in the larger community.
ConclusionsHealth emergencies affect the seriously mentally ill more than other community members. Awareness and outreach can help to maintain treatment adherence and minimize risk of psychotic exacerbation.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
TRANVIA: A program for continuum mental health assistance in transition period
- L. Pérez Gómez, A. González Álvarez, M. A. Reyes Cortina, E. Lanza Quintana, N. Álvarez Alvargonzález, C. Rodríguez Turiel, E. Lago Machado, J. J. Martínez Jambrina
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S728
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Introduction
Transition between adolescence and adulthood represents the most important challenge for personal development and involves several transformations: physical, psychological and social. It is a complex age bracket, concurring the transition from youth psychiatric units to adult ones, with an increased risk for the appearance of mental disorders and risky behaviours. TRANVIA program, developed in Avilés, provides psychiatric assistance to patients between 15 and 25 years old, diagnosed with a severe psychiatric disorder or with an increased risk of having one.
ObjectivesOur objectives are: ensuring clinical continuity assistance, promoting communication among professionals and the empowerment of our patients to improve their functionality and quality of life.
MethodsDescriptive study including patients involved in TRANVIA program from November 2019 to November 2021.
ResultsDuring this two-years period there have been 44 referrals to the program, 11 of them were rejected for failure to comply with diagnostic criteria. In November 2021 there were 33 patients included in the TRANVIA program with an average age of 17 years old (range: 15-22). 70% of them were men and 30% women. All of them had psychiatric assistance from different sources: youth mental health units, neuropediatrics… About 75% of the patients were diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder and approximately three-quarters of the sample needed pharmacological treatment. Risperidone was the most prescribed drug. We have also developed other assistance alternatives as home-based care, relaxation sessions, social worker interventions and coordination with schools.
ConclusionsTRANVIA program has allowed us to provide continual attention to vulnerable patients that shift from youth psychiatric units to adult ones. Patients that meet inclusion criteria were enrolled independently the type of assistance they have previously received. Accessibility and flexibility were our priority. During the described period there was only one dropout, three patients required psychiatric hospitalization and two others visited the emergency department. There have been no cases of completed suicide.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Stigma and self-stigma in patients with delusional disorder: a systematic review.
- A. González- Rodríguez, A. Alvarez, E. Román, A. Guàrdia, M. Natividad, M. Alberto Marcus, E. Calvo, J. Labad, J. A. Monreal
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S1044
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Introduction
The association between insight, stigma and self-concept has been considered as a potential predictor of poor clinical outcomes and global functioning in psychosis. In patients with delusional disorder (DD), the effects of stigma and self-stigma have been poorly explored.
ObjectivesOur main goal was to systematically review studies addressing stigma and self-stigma in DD to assess whether these phenomena have an impact on clinical symptoms.
MethodsA systematic review was conducted through PubMed and Google Scholar databases from inception to 2022 (PRISMA guidelines). Search terms: (Stigma OR self-stigma) AND (“delusional disorder” OR psychosis OR paranoia). Studies were considered eligible if they included patients with DD.
ResultsA total of 875 records were retrieved, from which 18 were included.
Stigma: (1) Stigma is associated with poor quality of life, poor adherence to medications and acceptation of diagnosis. (2) Support at workplaces would improve stigma and discrimination in DD. (3) Poor interpersonal competence may increase stigma experience in DD.
Self-stigma: (1) Women show higher level of self-stigma than men. (2) Higher rates of psychiatric hospitalizations and higher severity of symptoms associated with greater degree of self-stigma. (3) Suicidal ideation was associated with negative self-schema but not self-stigma, particularly in patients with persecutory delusions. (4) Self-stigmatization negatively associated with quality of life. (5) Depressive symptoms associated with higher levels of self-stigma. (6) Promotion interventions should address self-stigma content.
ConclusionsFurther longitudinal studies are needed to test the influence of stigma and self-stigma on adherence to follow-up and specific interventions to improve them.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
“Unspecified organic personality and behavioral disorder due to brain damage from HHV-6 encephalitis in child. case report and literature review”
- A. Oliva Lozano, M. A. Morillas Romerosa, P. Herrero Ortega, J. Garde Gonzalez, B. Orgaz Álvarez, J. Curto Ramos, M. Alcamí Pertejo
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S143-S144
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Introduction
We present a case of a 15 year-old boy diagnosed with Unspecified Personality and Beheavioral Disorder Due to Brain Damage from a Human Herpes Virus-6 Encephalitis.
ObjectivesTo describe a case of an Unspecified Organic Personality and Behavioral Disorder secondary to brain damage from Human Herpes Virus-6 (HHV-6) Encephalitis in an 11 year-old childand to review recent literature, in order to improve clinical practice.
MethodsClinical case report and brief review of literature. A bibliographic research was made in the database PubMed, using the terms “Viral Encephalitis” AND “Neuropsychiatric symptoms”; “Viral Encephalitis” AND “Behavioral Disorder”; “Long-Term Neurological Morbidity” AND “Viral Encephalitis”.
Results15 year-old boy diagnosed with Unspecified Personality and Beheavioral Disorder Due to Brain Damage from a Human Herpes Virus-6 Encephalitis, secondary to immunosupression in the context of haematopoietic progenitor transplantation (HPT) at 11 years old. MRI showed supratentorial ventriculomegaly, atrophic changes in encephalon and right hippocampus with subcortical retraction secondary to previous encephalitis. Clinically, main changes appeared in behavior, presenting a serious frontal syndrome with high disinhibition, what implied severe social and academic difficulties. During the outpatient follow-up, the behavioural disorder is being pharmacologically treated with Risperidone 1,5mg per day with a partially favorable evolution. The patient presented intolerance to olanzapine, with an episode of low level of conciuosness after taking it.
Bibliographic research results indicate that the gold standard treatment for behavioral disturbances are antipsychotics. Risperdidone is proven save for treatment in children. Results point out also the importance of an early multidisciplinar intervention, involving family training, rehabilitation resources and curricular adaptations.
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ConclusionsViral encephalitis may have serious neuropsychiatric consequences, especially during childhood while the brain development is not finished. When the neurological damage affects the frontal lobes of the brain, behavioural and personality disturbances are expected and an early multidisciplinar intervention should be considered. Antypsichotics are the gold standard pharmacological treatment for behavioural disturbances. During the scholar period, special curricular adaptations should be done in order to reduce study-related stress.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in an acute psychiatric unit
- G. Ortega-Hernández, N. Ramiro, F. Palma-Álvarez, Ó. Soto-Angona, M. F. Mantilla, J. Duque, I. Gonzalo, F. Collazos
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S182-S183
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Introduction
Long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) are an important and arguably under-utilized therapeutic option, particularly where medication adherence is a priority (Pilon et al. Clin Ther 2017; 39 1972-1985).
In recent years, meta-analytic reviews of depot medications concluded that this route of administration produced clinical advantages in terms of overall outcome, with lower probability of relapse, readmissions, shorter hospital admission time, mortality, and thus better long- term prognosis over other oral antipsychotics (Leucht et al. Schizophr Res 2011;127 83-92). Depot treatment is associated with lower overall medical expenditure (Taipal et al. Schizophr Bull 2018;17 1381- 1387).
ObjectivesTo describe the evolution of people diagnosed with a psychotic disorder 6 months before and after the introduction of long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) in the acute psychiatric unit of San Rafael Hospital (Spain) from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018.
MethodsRetrospective and prospective naturalistic study. Patients with a diagnosis of psychotic disorder who were admitted to the acute psychiatric unit in 2018 and who were introduced to LAI (paliperidone palmitate, aripiprazole, olanzapine pamoate or risperidone), are selected. Sociodemographic variables (sex, age, ethnicity, migratory status, marital status, occupation, cohabitation) and clinical variables (main and secondary diagnosis, comorbidity with drug use and history of poor adherence) are described. The number of emergency visits and hospital admissions before and after the introduction of LAI antipsychotic treatment is compared.
ResultsThe sample was composed of 99 subjects. The mean age was 42.46 years (SD 13.439) and 67.7% were men. The socio-demographic profile was: european caucasian ethnicity (73.7%), non- migrant status (69.7%), single (67.7%), inactive (43.4%) and residing in the home of relatives (50.5%). 53.5% have a diagnosis of schizophrenia, followed by schizoaffective disorder (24.2%). 45.5% are diagnosed with any drug use disorder, the most frequent being cannabis (30.3%). 76.8% have a history of discontinuing oral treatment. There was a statistically significant decrease (p<0.0001) in number of emergency visits and hospital admissions after the introduction of LAI antipsychotic.
In the general linear multivariate before-after model, there were significant differences (p=0.002) in the number of admissions after long-term IM antipsychotic treatment. As for the comparison of the effects between the different LAIs, there are differences between them (p< 0.0001). Post-hoc analysis (Bonferroni) only showed differential significance for treatment with Paliperidone Palmitate (p<0.0001).
ConclusionsThe use of LAI antipsychotic can reduce the number of emergency room visits and hospital admissions, in line with literature.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Changes in the characteristics of Suicide Attempts during COVID-19 pandemic
- J. Curto Ramos, N. Kishanchandani Chandiramani, M. Torrijos, J. Andreo-Jover, B. Orgaz-Alvarez, M. Velasco, D. García Martínez, G. Juárez, S. Cebolla, P. Aguirre, B. Rodríguez Vega
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S405
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Introduction
Different studies indicate high prevalence’s of suicidal behaviour, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and PTSD associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There is currently not enough scientific evidence available to analyze the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the rate of suicide attempts and their characteristics.
ObjectivesTo analyze and compare the characteristics of suicidal behavior (in terms of method, severity, medical damage produced and need for hospitalization) of patients attended during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to previous years.
MethodsA retrospective study was performed based on a standardized data collection of patients attending the University Hospital La Paz between April 2018 and November 2021. 581 patients who attempted suicide at least once were included in this study. We compared the severity using the Beck Suicide Intent Scale. Chi-square ant Student’s t were used to compare clinical characteristics such as medical damage, method of suicide attempt and indication for admission after the attempt, between suicide attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic and previous years.
ResultsOur results suggest that during the COVID-19 pandemic suicide attempts caused more medical damage (p<0.001), had higher severity (p<0.000), and required more admission in Intensive Care Units, General Internal Medicine and Psychiatry compared with pre-Covid years (p<0.000).
ConclusionsThis is the first study in Spain analysing the changes in characteristics of suicide attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic. This has important implications for reducing suicide rates, preventing future attempts, and enabling us to design specific treatments of Suicidal Behaviour.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
New insights into cerebellar dysfunction in patients with delusional disorder: A systematic review
- A. González- Rodríguez, A. Guàrdia, A. Alvarez, M. Natividad, C. Pagés, C. Ghigliazza, E. Román, B. Sánchez, J. A. Monreal
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S372-S373
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Introduction
The cerebellum has been implicated in cognitive, affective and motor functions, including emotion regulation, executive control and sensorimotor processing. In schizophrenia, cerebellar dysfunction has been associated with treatment resistance and clinical features. However, few studies have been focused on delusional disorder (DD).
ObjectivesOur main purpose was to review the evidence available on cerebellum abnormalities and dysfunctions in patients with DD.
MethodsA systematic review was conducted through PubMed, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov (inception-June 2022) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) directives. The following search terms were used: cerebellum OR cerebellar AND (“delusional disorder” AND paranoia). Reference lists from included studies were hand-checked to find other potential relevant papers.
ResultsSix studies were included from a total of 119 retrieved records (PubMed: 52, Scopus: 66, ClinicalTrials.gov: 1). Study 1:Patients with DD somatic type (n=14) presented a decreased gray matter volume in cerebellar lobules compared to healthy controls (HC) (n=32, left lobule VIIIa) and non-somatic DD (n=18, lobule V). Cerebellar volumes did not seem to differ between HC and non-somatic DD. Study 2:Abnormalities of voluntary saccadic eye movements, linking frontal and cerebellar functions, were found in DD patients (n=34) compared to HC (n=40). Study 3: Abnormal smooth pursuit eye movements in DD (n=15) compared with HC (n=40) and similar to schizophrenia (n=40). Case reports (n=3): DD associated with Dandy-Walker variant (partial vermian hypoplasia), unruptured intracerebral aneurysm of basilar artery, and megacisterna magna.
ConclusionsCerebellar deficits in patients with DD has been reported, particularly in those presenting somatic delusional contents.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
GnRh agonists as precipitating components of psychiatric pathology. A case report.
- A. Guerrero Medina, J. S. García Eslava, A. C. Martín Rodriguez, L. Martinez Salvador, M. J. Alvarez Alonso, M. Aubareda Magriña
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S1042-S1043
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Introduction
GnRh agonists are drugs used in various gynecological pathologies, among which is endometriosis. They act by stimulating GnRh receptors in the pituitary gland. This sustained and continuous stimulation of GnRh, will initially generate an increase in the release of luteinizing hormones and follicle-stimulating hormones, subsequently losing sensitivity to the receptors, internalizing them, and thus suppressing the release of these hormones, which would entail an ovarian suppression, thereby inhibiting the release of estrogens and progesterone. Psychiatric adverse effects have been described. Gonzalez-Rodriguez et al (Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:479), described this association with changes in mood, and the presence of a series of cases where the link between GnRh agonist and the possibility of presenting psychotic symptoms is observed. Wieck (Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2011;8:173-87), Frokjaer (J Neurosci Res 2020;98(7):1283-1292), Brzezinski-Sinai et al (Front Psychiatry 2020;11:693) reported that this association could be related with the relationship of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, hormonal fluctuation and its relationship with the dopaminergic regulation, a genetic component that would increase the predisposition to trigger psychiatric pathology in patients with greater sensitivity to hormonal fluctuations, and the loss of neuroprotection generated by the decrease of estrogens in the central nervous system. All of this in the context of multiple environmental and genetic factors that participate together in the appearance of the disease.
ObjectivesTo describe the importance of detecting the risk factors that can precipitate a psychotic episode, including the use of certain drugs, such as GnRh agonists.
MethodsWe describe a case of a 45 year old patient with endometriosis with multiple organ involvement who went to the emergency room due to behavioral changes in the context of a brief psychotic disorder with “ad-integrum” recovery.
ResultsA retrospective analysis of the case is conducted, observing an association between the introduction of GnRh agonists and the presentation of a first psychotic episode.
ConclusionsThe importance of this case lies in the limited evidence of this association in the literature, and the implication of these drugs in the triggering of psychiatric pathology, being an aspect to be considered by psychiatrists in their patient’s follow-up.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Clinical characteristics and functional improvement of patients admitted to a Child and Adolescent Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Day Therapeutic Unit
- A. Alvarez, N. Santamaria, V. Bote, B. Sanchez, J. A. Monreal, A. Hervas
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S142-S143
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Introduction
The ASD Day Therapeutic Unit of the HUMT is an interdisciplinary reference center specialized in ASD, for the care of children and adolescents with this pathology, that offers care by programs with the aim of achieving functionality altered.
ObjectivesThe main objective of this study is to know the clinical characteristics of the patients admitted to our center and to offer preliminary data on the functional improvement achieved in a pilot program that works by processes.
MethodsThis is a prospective clinical study of patients with ASD, treated at the ASD Day Therapeutic Unit of the HUMT since februay 2022 till nowadays. We compare the clinical improvement and functionality acquired through the evaluation through various scales: Conners scale, SRS, BRIEF and CBCL.
ResultsOur sample is made up of 19 patients with ASD who are admitted to the HUMT ASD Day Hospital. 13 belonged to the intensive care program, 5 to recovery of low-functioning functionality, and 1 to the differential diagnosis program. 84.21% (n=16) have preserved cognitive capacity. The median age is 13.1 years. 73.7% of the sample are men.
We observed that 89% of patients admitted to our unit presented comorbid symptoms with ADHD. more than 78.9% present isolation, anxiety/depression, altered thinking and attention difficulties. 13/19 present a SEVERE RANGE OF AFFECTATION upon admission, in social area. Facing discharge, the CBCL shows us a general improvement in behavior and comorbidity in the total scale.
The SRS shows us an improvement in social awareness, social communication, social motivation, repetitive behavior and stereotypes and in the total score.
ConclusionsSpecific interventions in social skills, autonomy, social understanding, daily routines, and sensory integration in patients with ASD improve core symptoms, as well as associated behavior.
Specific interventions and working on social relationships during admission improve comorbidity derived from ASD.
More studies are needed to specify the most efficient interventions to improve the quality of life in children and teenagers with ASD.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Encountering the morphological and molecular complexity in the bramble shark Echinorhinus cf. E. brucus (Bonnaterre 1788) from the Oman Sea
- José Raúl Morales-Ávila, Sarah Al-Jufaili, Nicolás Álvarez-Pliego, Ricardo J. Saldierna-Martínez
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- Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom / Volume 103 / 2023
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- 18 July 2023, e52
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This is the first simultaneous morphological and barcoding characterization with the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of the bramble shark Echinorhinus from the coast of Oman. The morphology of the specimen was consistent with previous records of Echinorhinus from the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea (Northwestern Indian Ocean). However, the new COI haplotype clustered together with homologous sequences of specimens from India. The specimen from Oman distinguished morphologically and genetically from an E. brucus from the Western Atlantic Ocean on the shape and size of the dermal denticles, the proportions of twelve morphometric measurements (differences ⩾3%) and the genetic p-distance = 3.8% of the COI fragment. The haplotype reported here increases the genetic diversity in genus Echinorhinus in the Northwest Indian Ocean, demonstrates conspecificity between specimens from Oman and Echinorhinus cf. E. brucus distributed in India and extends its range of distribution. The limited morphological and molecular data available constrained assigning our specimen to other than Echinorhinus cf. E. brucus (Bonnaterrez, 1788). Our findings highlight the urgent need of morphological review, redescription and the assignment of a neotype in order to guarantee accurate species identification and thus effective conservation measures for these deep-sea sharks. The existence of a third living species in the genus is briefly discussed.